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Overview

Cardiovascular illness is NOT only a man'south illness

Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer of women over age 25 in the Usa, regardless of race or ethnicity. The expiry charge per unit from cardiovascular diseases has decreased amidst men but continues to increase in women.

Unfortunately, just one in 3 women identify cardiovascular disease as the greatest health trouble facing women today. Most women call up that cancer is the leading cause of death in women. Only, cardiovascular illness is the single leading cause of death for women in America and claims the lives of more women than all forms of cancer combined.

What causes cardiovascular disease?

Cardiovascular disease is a broad term that includes a variety of middle and blood vessel weather condition, such equally coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, center set on, stroke, high blood pressure, eye valve disease, vascular disease, aorta disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, abnormal centre rhythms, built heart disease and many other heart and blood vessel conditions.

The most common cause of cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the build-up of cholesterol and fatty deposits (called plaque) on the inner walls of the arteries that restricts blood menses to the heart (coronary artery disease).

Without adequate blood, the heart becomes starved of oxygen and the vital nutrients it needs to work properly. This is chosen ischemia. Ischemia causes symptoms of heart illness, such as chest pain or angina; and when one or more of the coronary arteries becomes completely blocked, a center attack (injury to the heart muscle) can occur.

What are the symptoms of cardiovascular disease in women?

Symptoms of cardiovascular affliction tend to occur almost 10 years afterward in women than in men. While chest pain or discomfort is the almost mutual symptom of a heart attack, women frequently have different symptoms of coronary artery illness than men.

Symptoms of a middle set on in women include:

• Pain or discomfort in the chest, left arm, or back
• Unusually rapid heartbeat
• Shortness of jiff
• Nausea or fatigue

It is important to become help right abroad if any of these symptoms occur. The most common symptom of cardiovascular disease is called "angina pectoris" or "angina." Angina is often referred to as chest pain. It is described as chest discomfort, heaviness, tightness, pressure, agonized, burning, numbness, fullness or squeezing. Information technology can be mistaken for indigestion or heartburn. Angina is usually felt in the chest, but may likewise be felt in the left shoulder, artillery, neck, dorsum or jaw. Other symptoms that can occur with coronary artery affliction include:

• Shortness of breath
• Palpitations (irregular heartbeats, skipped beats or a "flip-bomb" feeling in your breast)
• A faster heartbeat
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Farthermost weakness
• Unusual fatigue
• Sudden sweating or sweating when at that place is no real cause (cold, damp feeling)

If you feel any of these symptoms, it is important to call your doctor, particularly if these are new symptoms or if they accept become more frequent or severe.

Diagnosis and Tests

How is cardiovascular affliction diagnosed?

Your doctor will talk to you virtually your symptoms, medical history, and risk factors, and perform a physical examination.

Diagnostic tests, including blood tests, an electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG), echocardiogram, practice stress test (combined with heart imaging technology such as stress echocardiography or nuclear imaging), coronary computed tomography angiogram (CTA), or cardiac catheterization can assist provide a more than consummate and accurate picture of a woman's heart wellness. These tests assistance your physician evaluate the extent of your middle disease, its upshot on the function of your heart and the best grade of treatment for you.

Tests used to predict an increased risk for coronary avenue disease include C-reactive protein (CRP), complete lipid profile, lipoprotein (a), MPO, TMAO, Plac and calcium score screening heart scan.

Management and Treatment

How is cardiovascular disease treated?

Medication. If lifestyle changes aren't enough to control your middle illness, medication(southward) may exist prescribed to treat certain risk factors, such as high cholesterol or loftier blood force per unit area, to help your heart work more than efficiently and receive more oxygen-rich claret. The medication(s) you volition exist prescribed will depend on your personal needs, presence of other health weather and your specific heart problem.

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT). For many years, preliminary observational research showed that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) could mayhap reduce the risk of centre illness in women. It appears that the reason why the observational studies showed a reduced take chances of heart disease was likely due to the lifestyles of women who take HRT rather than medical benefits of the therapy.

More recent large-scale studies of women, such every bit the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) and the Women'southward Health Initiative (WHI) concluded that the overall health risks of HRT exceeded the benefits.

Women who participated in HERS had an increased risk of heart assault and stroke during the first twelvemonth of HRT. After two years of treatment, this take a chance appeared to be reduced in women taking HRT compared with women who were not taking HRT. Women who participated in the WHI study had an increased take a chance for breast cancer, coronary center disease (including nonfatal heart attacks), stroke, blood clots, and gallbladder disease.

Based on the results of these studies, the American Middle Association and the U.S. Nutrient and Drug Assistants developed new guidelines for the utilise of HRT:

• Hormone replacement therapy should non exist used for prevention of centre attack or stroke.
• The apply of HRT for other problems such as preventing osteoporosis should be advisedly considered, and the risks should exist weighed against the benefits. Women who have existing coronary avenue disease should consider other prevention options.
• Short-term HRT may be used to care for menopausal symptoms.
• Long-term HRT use is discouraged because the hazard of center assail, stroke and breast cancer increases the longer HRT is used.

The bottom line, say physicians at Cleveland Dispensary's Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute: Counterbalance the benefits of HRT against the risks, and discuss the whole bailiwick of HRT with your doctor and then you can make an informed decision.

Interventional procedures. Common interventional procedures to care for coronary artery disease include balloon angioplasty (PTCA) and stent or drug-eluting stent placement. These procedures are considered nonsurgical because they are done by a cardiologist through a tube or catheter that is inserted into a blood vessel, rather than by a surgeon, through an incision. Several types of balloons and/or catheters are bachelor to treat the plaque within the vessel wall. The physician chooses the blazon of procedure to perform based on individual patient needs.

Coronary artery featherbed surgery. During coronary artery featherbed graft surgery, one or more blocked coronary arteries are bypassed by a blood vessel graft to restore normal blood flow to the heart. These grafts usually come from the patient's own arteries and veins located in the breast, arm or leg. The graft goes around the clogged artery (or arteries) to create new pathways for oxygen-rich blood to flow to the middle.

Other options. Other procedures, such as enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) are used when traditional therapies are not optional. Your doctor can provide more information about these procedures.

Prevention

How is cardiovascular disease associated with menopause?

Afterward menopause, a woman'south run a risk of cardiovascular illness increases. In women who have undergone early menopause (before age 50) or surgical menopause, the risk of cardiovascular disease is also college, especially when combined with other chance factors.

Estrogen helps a woman'due south body protect her against cardiovascular affliction. After menopause, cardiovascular illness becomes more of a risk for women considering of the reduced level of estrogen in the trunk.

A reduced level of estrogen causes:

• Changes in the walls of the blood vessels that may crusade plaque and blood clots to course
• Changes in the level of lipids (fats) in the claret: Levels of depression density lipoproteins (LDL, the "bad" kind) increment, and levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL, the "good" kind) decrease. These changes lead to the build-up of fat and cholesterol that contributes to heart attack and stroke.
• An increase in fibrinogen (a substance in the claret that helps the blood to jell). Increased levels of blood fibrinogen are related to cardiovascular disease and stroke.

What are the other gamble factors for centre disease in women?

In addition to menopause, nonmodifiable risk factors (those that cannot be changed) include:

• Older age. Once a woman reaches the age of 50 to 52 (about the age of natural menopause), the run a risk of heart disease increases dramatically.
• Family history of cardiovascular illness. If your parents accept/had cardiovascular illness (especially if they were diagnosed before age 50), you take an increased risk of developing it. Ask your doctor when it'due south appropriate for you lot to start screenings for cardiovascular disease and then it can be detected and treated early.
• Race. African Americans have more astringent high claret force per unit area than Caucasians, and therefore have a higher risk of cardiovascular illness. Cardiovascular disease take a chance is besides higher among Mexican Americans, American Indians, native Hawaiians, and some Asian Americans. This is partly due to higher rates of obesity and diabetes in these populations.

Modifiable gamble factors (those y'all tin can treat or command) include:

• Cigarette smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke
• High blood cholesterol and loftier triglyceride levels, especially high LDL/bad cholesterol (over 100 mg/dL) and low HDL/good cholesterol (under 40 mg/dL). Some patients who have existing middle or blood vessel affliction and other patients who have a very high take chances should aim for an LDL level less than lxx mg/dL. Your doctor tin provide specific guidelines.
• High blood pressure (140/90 mm Hg or higher)
• Uncontrolled diabetes
• Physical inactivity
• Existence overweight (torso mass index [BMI] 25-29 kg/m2) or obese (BMI college than thirty kg/m2)

Annotation: How your weight is distributed is as well of import. Your waist measurement is i way to determine fat distribution. Your waist circumference is the measurement of your waist, just above your omphalos. The run a risk of cardiovascular disease is higher for women with a waist measurement over 35 inches (over 32 inches for Asian Americans) and men with a waist measurement over 40 inches (over 38 inches for Asian Americans).

• Uncontrolled stress or anger
• Diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol
• Drinking too much alcohol

Unique take chances factors for women include high blood pressure (preeclampsia) or diabetes while significant (gestational diabetes), polycystic ovary disease and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.

The more gamble factors y'all accept, the greater your overall hazard.

What can I do to reduce my risk of cardiovascular illness?

Reducing your risk factors involves making lifestyle changes, including those listed below. Your medico volition work with you to aid you make these changes.

• If you smoke, yous should quit.
• Make changes in your nutrition to reduce your cholesterol, control your blood pressure and manage your blood sugar if you have diabetes. Low-fat, low-sodium and low-cholesterol foods are recommended. Limiting alcohol is as well of import. A registered dietitian can help you make the correct dietary changes. Cleveland Clinic offers nutrition programs and classes to help you reach your goals.
• Increase your exercise/activity level to aid achieve and maintain a healthy weight and reduce stress. Moderate exercise for thirty minutes a 24-hour interval, on near days is recommended. Cheque with your doctor before starting an exercise program. Ask your doctor about participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program.

Resource

Doctors vary in quality due to differences in grooming and experience; hospitals differ in the number of services available. The more than complex your medical problem, the greater these differences in quality become and the more they matter.

Conspicuously, the dr. and hospital that you choose for complex, specialized medical care will accept a direct impact on how well you practice. To help y'all make this selection, please review our Miller Family unit Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Establish Outcomes.

Cleveland Clinic Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute Cardiologists and Surgeons

Choosing a doctor to care for your coronary avenue disease depends on where you are in your diagnosis and treatment.

The Miller Family unit Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute Women'south Cardiovascular Center provides a multidisciplinary squad of wellness intendance providers to provide the best care possible to help women prevent and manage heart disease.

Click on the following links to learn more about Sections and Departments who likewise care for patients with Coronary Artery Affliction:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Invasive and Interventional Cardiology Section
  • Clinical Cardiology
  • Preventive Cardiology
• Cardiothoracic Surgery Department

Encounter Nigh Usa to learn more about the Sydell and Arnold Miller Family unit Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute.

Contact

If you lot need more information, click hither to contact united states of america, chat online with a nurse or phone call the Miller Family Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Establish Resources & Information Nurse at 216.445.9288 or toll-costless at 866.289.6911. Nosotros would exist happy to help you.

Condign a Patient

• Make an appointment
• Programme Your Visit
• Billing & Insurance
• Visitor Civilities

Treatment Options

• Coronary Avenue Affliction Treatments

Treatment Guides

• Coronary Artery Disease
• All Miller Family Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Constitute Handling Guides

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic tests are used to diagnose coronary avenue disease and the almost effective treatment method.

• Diagnostic testing

Beefcake

• Your Coronary Arteries
• Your heart and blood vessels

Webchats

Our webchats and video chats give patients and visitors another opportunity to inquire questions and interact with our physicians.

• Coronary Artery Illness webchats and video chats
• All Miller Family Eye, Vascular & Thoracic Institute webchats

Videos

• Coronary Artery Affliction and Treatments Videos
• All Miller Family Middle, Vascular & Thoracic Plant Videos

Interactive Tools

• Miller Family Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Plant Interactive Tools

Additional information and resources

• Recovery at Home
• Support Groups and Information
• Visit Health Essentials - Read manufactures on coronary artery illness and healthy living on Wellness Essentials
• Follow Center, Vascular & Thoracic Found webchats and news stories on Twitter
• Subscribe to Heart, Vascular & Thoracic eNews
• American Heart Association

Why choose Cleveland Clinic for your care?

Our outcomes speak for themselves. Delight review our facts and figures and if you accept any questions don't hesitate to inquire.

Source: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17645-women--cardiovascular-disease

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